The End Of Economic Man The Origins Of Totalitarianism Pdf Writer

• • • Johanna ' Hannah' Arendt ( or; German:; 14 October 1906 – 4 December 1975) was a -born,. Her eighteen books and numerous articles, on topics ranging from totalitarianism to epistemology, had a lasting influence on political philosophy.

Arendt is widely considered one of the most important political philosophers of the twentieth century. As a Jew, Arendt chose to leave Nazi Germany in 1933, and lived in Czechoslovakia, Switzerland, and France before escaping to the United States in 1941 via Portugal. She became an American citizen in 1950, having been stripped of her German citizenship in 1937. Her works deal with the nature of and the subjects of politics,,, and. The is named in her honor.

'The only basis of freedom is the Christian concept of man's nature: imperfect, weak, a sinner, yet made in God's. Peter Drucker, as a young man with many interests, attracted attention immediately after leaving high. Published in 1939 after he migrated to the United States; The End of Economic Man – The Origin of.

Main article: Arendt's first major book, (1951), examined the roots of and. In it, Arendt argues that totalitarianism was a 'novel form of government,' different from other forms of tyranny in that it applied terror to subjugate mass populations rather than just political adversaries. The book was opposed by some on the Left on the grounds that it presented the two movements as equally tyrannical. She further contends that Jewry was not the operative factor in the Holocaust, but merely a convenient proxy.

Totalitarianism in Germany was, in the end, about terror and consistency, not eradicating Jews only. The Human Condition [ ]. Main article: In what is arguably her most influential work, (1958), Arendt differentiates political and social concepts, labor and work, and various forms of actions; she then explores the implications of those distinctions. Her theory of political action, corresponding to the existence of a public realm, is extensively developed in this work. Arendt argues that, while human life always evolves within societies, the social part of human nature, political life, has been intentionally realized in only a few societies as a space for individuals to achieve freedom. Conceptual categories, which attempt to bridge the gap between ontological and sociological structures, are sharply delineated. While Arendt relegates labor and work to the realm of the social, she favors the human condition of action as that which is both existential and aesthetic.

Men in Dark Times [ ] Her collection of essays, Men in Dark Times, presents intellectual biographies of some creative and moral figures of the 20th century, such as,,,,, and. Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil [ ]. Main article: In her reporting of the 1961 trial for, which evolved into (1963), she coined the phrase 'the ' to describe the phenomenon of Eichmann.

She examined the question of whether is radical or simply a function of thoughtlessness, a tendency of ordinary people to obey orders and conform to mass opinion without a critical evaluation of the consequences of their actions. She was sharply critical of the way the trial was conducted in. She also was critical of the way that some Jewish leaders, notably, acted during.

This caused a considerable controversy and even animosity toward Arendt in the Jewish community. Her friend, a major scholar of, broke off relations with her. Arendt was criticized by many Jewish public figures, who charged her with coldness and lack of sympathy for the victims of the Holocaust. Because of this lingering criticism, neither this book nor any of her other works were translated into Hebrew until 1999. This controversy was answered by Hannah Arendt in the book's Postscript. The controversy began by calling attention to the conduct of the Jewish people during the years of the Final Solution, thus following up the question, first raised by the Israeli prosecutor, of whether the Jews could or should have defended themselves. I had dismissed that question as silly and cruel, since it testified to a fatal ignorance of the conditions at the time.

It has now been discussed to exhaustion, and the most amazing conclusions have been drawn. The well-known historico-sociological construct of 'ghetto mentality' has been repeatedly dragged in to explain behavior which was not at all confined to the Jewish people and which therefore cannot be explained by specifically Jewish factors.

This was the unexpected conclusion certain reviewers chose to draw from the 'image' of a book, created by certain interest groups, in which I allegedly had claimed that the Jews had murdered themselves. Arendt ended the book by writing: Just as you [ Eichmann] supported and carried out a policy of not wanting to share the earth with the Jewish people and the people of a number of other nations—as though you and your superiors had any right to determine who should and who should not inhabit the world—we find that no one, that is, no member of the human race, can be expected to want to share the earth with you. This is the reason, and the only reason, you must hang. On Revolution [ ] Arendt's novel presents a comparison of two of the main revolutions of the 18th century, the and Revolutions. She goes against a common view of both Marxist and leftist views when she argues that France, while well studied and often emulated, was a disaster and that the largely ignored American Revolution was a success. The turning point in the French Revolution occurred when the leaders rejected their goals of freedom in order to focus on compassion for the masses. In the, the Founding Fathers never betray the goal of Constitutio Libertatis.

However, Arendt believes the revolutionary spirit of those men had been lost, and advocates a “council system” as an appropriate institution to regain that spirit. On Violence [ ] Arendt's essay On Violence distinguishes between violence and power. She maintains that, although theorists of both the Left and Right regard violence as an extreme manifestation of power, the two concepts are, in fact, antithetical. Power comes from the collective will and does not need violence to achieve any of its goals, since voluntary compliance takes its place.

As governments start losing their legitimacy, violence becomes an artificial means toward the same end and is, therefore, found only in the absence of power. Then become the ideal birthplaces of violence since they are defined as the 'rule by no one' against whom to argue and, therefore, recreate the missing links with the people they rule over. The Life of the Mind [ ] Her posthumous book, The Life of the Mind (1978, edited by ), remained incomplete. During Arendt's tenure at the New School, in 1974, she presented a graduate level Political Philosophy class entitled, 'Philosophy of the Mind'. It was during these class lectures that Arendt crystallized her concepts.

The class was based on her working draft of 'Philosophy of the Mind', which was later edited to 'Life of the Mind'. Arendt's working draft of Philosophy of the Mind was distributed to graduate students at the New School during her visiting professorship in 1974.

Also, stemming from her at the in Scotland, her last writing focused on the mental faculties of thinking and willing. In a sense, Life of the Mind went beyond her previous work concerning the vita activa. In her discussion of thinking she focuses mainly on and his notion of thinking as a solitary dialogue between Me and Myself.

This appropriation of Socrates leads her to introduce novel concepts of conscience (which gives no positive prescriptions, but instead, tells me what I cannot do if I would remain friends with myself when I re-enter the two-in-one of thought where I must render an account of my actions to myself) and morality (an entirely negative enterprise concerned with non-participation in certain actions for the sake of remaining friends with one's self). Arendt's critique of human rights [ ] In The Origins of Totalitarianism Hannah Arendt devotes a lengthy chapter to a critical analysis of human rights.

Arendt isn’t skeptical of the notion of political rights in general, but instead defends a national or civil conception of rights. Human rights, or the Rights of Man as they were commonly called, are universal, inalienable and possessed simply in virtue of being human. In contrast, civil rights are possessed in virtue of belonging to a political community, most commonly by being a citizen. Arendt’s primary criticism of human rights is that they are ineffectual and illusory because their enforcement is in tension with national sovereignty. She argued that since there is no political authority above that of sovereign nations, state governments have little incentive to respect human rights when such policies conflict with national interests. This can be seen most clearly by examining the treatment of refugees and other stateless people.

Since the refugee has no state to secure their civil rights, the only rights they have to fall back on are human rights. In this way Arendt uses the refugee as a test case for examining human rights in isolation from civil rights. Arendt’s analysis draws on the refugee upheavals in the first half of the 20th century along with her own experience as a refugee fleeing Nazi Germany. She argued that as state governments began to emphasize national identity as a prerequisite for full legal status, the number of minority resident aliens increased along with the number of stateless persons whom no state was willing to legally recognize. The two potential solutions to the refugee problem, repatriation and naturalization, both proved incapable of solving the crisis.

Arendt argued that repatriation failed to solve the refugee crisis because no government was willing to take them in and claim them as their own. When refugees were forcibly deported to neighboring countries, such immigration was deemed illegal by the receiving country, and so failed to change the fundamental status of the migrants as stateless. Attempts at naturalizing and assimilating refugees also had little success. This was primarily due to resistance from both state governments and the majority of citizens, since both tended to see the refugees as undesirables who threatened their national identity. Resistance to naturalization also came from the refugees themselves who resisted assimilation and attempted to maintain their own ethnic and national identities. Arendt contends that neither naturalization nor the tradition of asylum were capable of handling the sheer number of refugees. Instead of accepting some refugees with legal status, the state often responded by denaturalizing minorities who shared national or ethnic ties with stateless refugees.

Arendt argues that the consistent mistreatment of refugees, most of whom were placed in internment camps, is evidence against the existence of human rights. If the notion of human rights as universal and inalienable is to be taken seriously, they must be realizable given the features of the modern liberal state. Arendt contends that they are not realizable because they are in tension with at least one feature of the liberal state, national sovereignty. One of the primary ways in which a nation exercises sovereignty is through control over national borders. State governments consistently grant their citizens free movement to traverse national borders. In contrast, the movement of refugees is often restricted in the name of national interests.

This presents a dilemma for liberalism in that liberal theorists are typically committed to both human rights and the existence of sovereign nations. Legacy [ ] In the intended third volume of The Life of Mind, Arendt was planning to engage the faculty of judgment but she did not live to write it.

Nevertheless, although her notion of judging remains unknown, Arendt did leave manuscripts (such as Thinking and Moral Considerations and Some Questions on Moral Philosophy) and lectures ( Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy) concerning her thoughts on this mental faculty. The first two articles were edited and published by, an assistant of Arendt and a director of the Hannah Arendt Center at in New York, and the last was edited and published by Ronald Beiner, professor of political science at the.

Her personal library was deposited at at the Stevenson Library in 1976, and includes approximately 4,000 books,, and pamphlets from Arendt's last apartment. The college has begun archiving some of the collection digitally, which is available at The Hannah Arendt Collection. Arendt's life and work are still part of current culture and thought. In 2012 the film was produced and distributed depicting the controversy over Arendt's coverage of the Eichmann trial. In 2016 the filmmaker Ada Ushpiz produced a documentary on Hannah Arendt, 'Vita Activa: The Spirit of Hannah Arendt.' The New York Times designated it a NYT's critics pick. Since the election of Donald Trump to the US Presidency, some journals are resurrecting her ideas to help make sense of the current situation.

Commemoration [ ]. • • • • by Adam Kirsch,, January 12, 2009. An interview with Hanna Arendt (in German, with English subtitles). Writings [ ] • at the contains her personal archive, with scanned portions available on the internet. • (subscription-based essays) Overviews [ ] • • d'Entreves, Maurizio Passerin.. •, in and (eds.), Jewish Women in America. New York: Routledge, 1997.

[ ] Works about Arendt [ ] • by Jerome Kohn • • Vogel, Lawrence A. Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal: 253–293. • on, Margarethe von Trotta's 2012 film • •.

Many more foreign hostages than originally reported were taken by the Al Qaeda terrorists at the Amenas gas plant in Algeria. The Algerian government says that 100 out of 132 were freed, and some sources say that 30 or more hostages were killed.

The British government offered the Algerians manpower, equipment, and expert assistance to expedite the resolution of the crisis, but was refused. American, British, and French nationals are thought to be among the dead. In other news, the latest figures from Angola indicate that at least 250,000 Chinese nationals have migrated to the country. The Angolan government says that work permits were issued for the Chinese to assist with development projects.

To see the headlines and the articles, open. Thanks to Andy Bostom, C. Cantoni, DS, EG, Insubria, JD,, Mary Abdelmassih,,,, and all the other tipsters who sent these in. Notice to tipsters: Please don’t submit extensive excerpts from articles that have been posted behind a subscription firewall, or are otherwise under copyright protection. Commenters are advised to leave their comments at this post (rather than with the news articles) so that they are more easily accessible.

Caveat: Articles in the news feed are posted “as is”. Gates of Vienna cannot vouch for the authenticity or accuracy of the contents of any individual item posted here. We check each entry to make sure it is relatively interesting, not patently offensive, and at least superficially plausible. The link to the original is included with each item’s title. Further research and verification are left to the reader. Note: Takuan’s post (which was originally published last night) is to remain at the top for a while, so I made it “sticky”.

However, much has happened since it went up, including the Blogger outage. Scroll down for a.

See also: Two forthrightly, in Germany, and of the Imran Firasat interview. More new posts will be added below this one. Oh, and don’t mess around with. The essay below is the conclusion of the ninth part in a series by Takuan Seiyo. See the list at the bottom of this post for links to the previous installments.

Left: Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette, 1876 Right: George Grosz, Metropolis, 1916/17 The Bee and the Lamb Part 9 (continued) By Takuan Seiyo A Whole New Road to Serfdom That Which is Not Seen (continued) For over 60 years, White mea-culpists have had a firm grip in all fields of cultural mind imprinting: education high and low; paper media, then electronic, then digital media; all forms of entertainment, the plastic arts and music high and low, and religious instruction and worship too. Their main endeavor has been to enforce their compulsory (e.g. K-12) and discretionary (e.g. Television) self-flaying on account of long-ago Slavery, Colonialism, Imperialism, Male Supremacism, Racism, Antisemitism, and so on. It’s the evils of the Iberian Inquisition — which were evil — but not the evils of the Japanese equivalent in which, in the 40 years up to 1597, 50,000 Christians were publicly crucified, burned or beheaded. Nor the evils of the worldwide Islamic Inquisition which — not in the 16th century but now, in the 21st, condemns Muslim apostates to barbaric execution.

It’s America’s destruction of the snail darter but not Mussulmanism’s destruction of the Bamyan Buddhas or its proposed destruction of the, let alone its obliteration of all the pre-Rome cradles of Christianity but for remaining ruins in the Middle East and dust of the desert in North Africa. It’s the evils of feudalism and industrial workers’ exploitation in Europe and America, but not the strict Confucian evils of Northeast Asia. There, a member of the ruling class in China had, essentially, a free hand with anyone of the lower classes, a Japanese samurai could test his sword by cutting down an insolent peasant, and farmers were so squeezed by their fief holders that they habitually sold their daughters to bordellos for the few coins it provided for next season’s seed. Feminism, Socialism and anti-Antisemitism should have arisen in Saudi Arabia or Yemen, Algeria or Peshawar, for good reasons. Instead, aggressive White androphobes of all genders which I can no longer count are decimating the philogynous and egalitarian West. Equality psychos are tearing down the most egalitarian society that ever existed (except for initial communist experiments, before they turned bloody).

American Jews, at the apex of the greatest fortune and philosemitic tolerance their long diaspora has ever bestowed on their kind, are busy supporting all the ideologies and policies that demolish their safe harbor and build up their Muslim, Black and Third World enemies. They will come to rue their tacit assumption that better the antisemite you don’t know than the few hundred imputed and real ones catalogued at ADL. One would be hard put to find a nation not based on the invasion of another people’s territory and their mass slaughter. Yet poisoned American madmen proclaim as though the Indians themselves did not fight endless genocidal wars from Peru to Canada, with torture, ritual murder or slavery for the captives and, at times, cannibalism too. Leftoid masochists and the Christian meek call for returning Hawaii to the Hawaiians and capitulating before a massive Mexican reconquista of one-third of America. The self-defined “Feminist-Tauist-NeoPagan-Post-Structuralist-Deconstructionist-Socialist” useful idiot Gillian Schutte begins her New Year 2013 by “wholeheartedly apologizing for what my ancestors did to the people of South Africa and inviting you to do the same.” Yet the Magyars don’t seem to feel much guilt over the Illyrians, Pannonians, Sarmatians and Celts whose land and lives they took in the 9th century, to form Hungary. The rightful Etruscan landowners are not bearing angry placards in front of the Vatican.

The Japanese are not planning to relinquish Hokkaido to its original owners, the Ainu. The tall, white and fair-haired Chachapoyas of the Andean forest have, alas, no remnants left to sue the Incas for genocide in a Peruvian court of law. The Aztecs, whether in Jalisco or Los Angeles, don’t agonize over having taken what would become Mexico City from its original Culhuacan owners, with lots of grisly details. Yet for 38 years Neil Young has been reminding adoring audiences about “”, discreetly omitting and the killer people whom Cortez killed. Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust (1996) is a book by Daniel Goldhagen presenting the thesis that the German nation as such was composed of willing executioners of the Jews because of a unique “eliminationist antisemitism” in the German people, with long historical roots. However, even that great moral abyss of Western civilization — the Holocausts — stands out more in its industrialized and organizational features than it does either in the quality of its hatefulness or its relative or even absolute volumes.

And Holocausts they were, for in addition to the nearly 6 million Jews, the Germans also murdered over 21 million civilian Slavs, and that’s counting Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, Belarus and Czechoslovakia alone. In absolute numbers, the total number of World War II non-German civilian victims of Nazi Germany is smaller than the 50 million victims of the Bolsheviks in Russia, or Mao’s 70 million in China, or the Mughal-Muslim genocide of Hindus — the latter have their own Holocaust Day on August 14. In relative numbers, in just one year, 1994, the Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda, killed off a total of one million, in a population of 7 million.

75% of the Tutsi population was erased. Is it more humane to go by a stroke of a blunt machete than by a whiff of Zyklon B? The Khmer Rouge murdered at least 2 million Cambodians between 1975 and 1979: one quarter of the population, by a conservative count. Is it more humane to die by wallops from a Cambodian pickaxe handle than by a bullet from a German Mauser? Inscription on the back (in German): “Ukraine 1942, Jewish Aktion, Ivangorod.” There is a special horror attached to the Third Reich, because those were 20 th century Europeans, Christians, and in many ways the smartest, most civilized people on Earth. But the Holocausts do not prove that Whites are worse than other people, just that they are no better.

The history of the Third Reich also proves that with the right formula of economic blowup, misery and humiliation, sparked by charismatic evil, no people are immune to such horror, at no time. A big tip of the Bodissey pickelhaube to our commenter Jolie Rouge, who with a brand new acronym.

The occasion was an observation about (the link only works in the UK): Andrew Neil and Michael Portillo are joined by former UN secretary-general Kofi Annan and Alastair Campbell. Interesting conversation — acknowledging the geopolitical threat to the West. Note the aggressor is not named other than by geographical location (e.g.) North Africa, Afghanistan and surprisingly the inclusion of Turkey. Torrent Kyle Xy Season 2 Episode 23. Amazingly they manage to avoid the JIM words — Jihad, Islam and Muslim. I think JIM could have great utility for our enterprise: it’s concise, pronounceable, handy to use, and easy to propagate. Who will be the first major Western politician (not counting Geert Wilders) to break the greatest cultural taboo of our time, and mess around with JIM? Tonight’s news feed is unusually fat, due to the inclusion of last night’s items, which were never used because of the Blogger outage.

Yesterday a group of Al Qaeda terrorists assaulted a natural gas plant in Algeria and killed two foreigners while taking 41 other hostage. Today Algerian special forces staged a helicopter raid on the plant, killing a number of the hostages — between six and 34, depending on whose figures you believe — in the process of taking out the terrorists. Among the foreign hostages were American, British, French, and Japanese nationals. In other news, Germany has begun repatriating its foreign gold reserves, which are stored in vaults in Paris, London, and the United States. To see the headlines and the articles, open.

Cantoni, Erick Stakelbeck, Fjordman, Insubria, JB, JD,,, McR,,, and all the other tipsters who sent these in. Notice to tipsters: Please don’t submit extensive excerpts from articles that have been posted behind a subscription firewall, or are otherwise under copyright protection. + Commenters are advised to leave their comments at this post (rather than with the news articles) so that they are more easily accessible. Caveat: Articles in the news feed are posted “as is”. Gates of Vienna cannot vouch for the authenticity or accuracy of the contents of any individual item posted here. We check each entry to make sure it is relatively interesting, not patently offensive, and at least superficially plausible. The link to the original is included with each item’s title.

Further research and verification are left to the reader. Is a Pakistani ex-Muslim who collaborated with Terry Jones on the movie The Innocent Prophet (watch it ). The Spanish government recently revoked his status as a political refugee in Spain, and he is due to be deported to Pakistan, where he will face the death penalty for blasphemy.

There is currently a to grant him and his family political asylum. Firasat was interviewed recently on Alerta Digital TV. The video below shows the third part of the interview, and includes segments in English of a statement by Terry Jones. Many thanks to our Spanish correspondent Hermes for the translation, and to for the subtitling: Transcript. We are in the midst of a Winter Weather Warning (also known as Crystallized Climate Change) here at Schloss Bodissey.

That means I am watching big, fat flakes accumulating on everything — though the driveway is still clear. Prior to that, we awoke this morning to heavy rains. It is our good fortune that there was never any period of transitional ice.

Thank heavens! Why am I talking about the weather, you ask? Because this heavy wet snow may well eventuate in a power outage. Should that happen we would have no way to tell you why when, once again, no one seems to be home.

If the power does go out, I’m confident it won’t be for long. Our rural electric cooperative is exceptionally good at handling these kinds of weather ‘events’; if we do go out, it won’t be for long.

And thanks to the generosity of our donors several years ago, we installed a gas cook stove so we can cook and have — thank heavens, again — hot coffee during the outage. Yes, we are careful regarding the possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning if we were to use the stove for heat. However, given how leaky our storm windows are, I’m not worried. Here’s what NOAA says.

Yesterday we reported on a group of young Muslim men who accost pedestrians in certain parts of east London. They insist that their turf is a “Muslim area”, and require that non-Muslims observe the appropriate dress code and the Islamic proscription on alcohol while they are there. The included an embedded video taken by the group and posted on their YouTube account.

Since then YouTube has yanked the video, on that it was “intended to harass, bully and threaten.” However, for the sake of the historical record of these dire times, has preserved a (slightly augmented) copy at MRC TV. As you all know by now, our blog was suddenly removed last night between 8 and 9pm EST for no apparent reason. Blogger never provided any explanation before, during, or after the outage. I assume it was an internal technical problem at Google. Italian Exercise Book Pdf on this page. Below is a portion of a mass email I sent out earlier today to dozens of people who had written to us to ask what happened: Blogger “removed” our blog suddenly last night. One second it was there; the next it was gone.

If we had violated their terms of service, we should have received an email, according to their own established procedure. But we received no email. I retain my “dashboard” account, as does Dymphna. And, as you can see, I still have the gmail account. There is no “deleted blogs” link on our dashboards, as there should be if the blog had been deleted deliberately through a normal procedure.

Late last night I began the process that one always goes through with Blogger: we posted requests on the help forum. That’s really all that can be done; you can’t talk to human beings where Google is concerned. We actually received a response, which is unusual with Google. Based on the replies, there seems to have been a major problem with Blogger last night. Many other blogs disappeared in the same fashion. I anticipate that this is most likely a technical glitch on Google’s part, based on the number and types of blogs that had the same thing happen to them last night.

But we should know for certain within another day or two. It’s also possible (but far less likely, in my estimation) that we were taken down for political reasons. If it was a deliberate take-down, we will migrate to another platform with our own domain. We back up the entire blog frequently, so only a few posts will be missing when we restore.